Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Pozna shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Pozna offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Pozna at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Pozna ? Wrong! If the Pozna is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about Pozna then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Pozna ? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Pozna and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Pozna wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your Pozna then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Pozna site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about Pozna , or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your Pozna , then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

This article is about the city in Poland. For other uses, see Poznan (disambiguation).

{{Infobox City|official_name = Poznań|other_name =|native_name = |nickname =|motto =|image_skyline = Poznanzgory.jpg|imagesize = 250px|image_caption = Old Square|image_flag = POL Poznań flag.svg|flag_size =|image_seal =|seal_size =|image_shield = POL Poznań COA.svg|shield_size =|image_blank_emblem =|blank_emblem_size =|image_map =|mapsize =|map_caption =|pushpin_map = Poland|pushpin_label_position = bottom|subdivision_type = Countries of the World|subdivision_name = Poland|subdivision_name1 = [Greater Poland Voivodeship|subdivision_type2 = List of counties in Poland|subdivision_name2 = city county|subdivision_type3 = Gmina|leader_party =|leader_title1 = |leader_name1 =|leader_title2 =|leader_name2 =|leader_title3 =|leader_name3 =|leader_title4 =|leader_name4 =|established_title = Established|established_date = [8th century|area_magnitude =|area_footnotes =|area_total_km2 = 261.3|area_land_km2 =|area_water_km2 =|area_total_sq_mi =|area_land_sq_mi =|area_water_sq_mi =|area_water_percent =|area_urban_km2 =|area_urban_sq_mi =|area_metro_km2 =|area_metro_sq_mi =|population_as_of = 2006|population_footnotes =|population_note =|settlement_type = |population_total = 567882|population_density_km2 = 2197|population_density_sq_mi =|population_metro = 943000|population_density_metro_km2 =|population_density_metro_sq_mi =|population_urban =|population_density_urban_km2 =|population_density_urban_mi2 =|timezone = [Central European Time|utc_offset = +1|timezone_DST = Central European Summer Time|utc_offset_DST = +2|latd=52 |latm=20 |lats= |latNS=N|longd=16 |longm=56 |longs= |longEW=E|elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 60|elevation_ft =|postal_code_type = Postal code|postal_code = 60-001 to 61-890|area_code = +48 61|website = www.poznan.pl|blank_name = Polish car number plates|blank_info = PO|footnotes =--> Poznań (; also known by #Etymology) is a city in west-central Poland with over 578,900 inhabitants (2002). Located by the Warta River, it is one of the oldest cities in Poland, making it an important historical centre and a vibrant centre of trade, industry, and education. Poznań is Poland's fifth largest city and fourth biggest industrial centre. It is also the administrative capital of the Greater Poland Voivodeship.

Poznań's Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznań is the oldest in the country, containing the tombs of the first Polish rulers: Duke Mieszko I of Poland, King Boleslaus the Brave, King Mieszko II of Poland, Duke Casimir I of Poland, Duke Przemysl I of Poland, and King Przemysl II of Poland.

Etymology The name Poznań probably comes from a personal name Poznan (from the Polish participle poznan(y)) and would mean "Poznan's town." It is also possible the name comes directly from the verb poznać which means "to get to know" or "to recognize".

The earliest surviving references to the city were by Thietmar in his chronicles: episcopus Poznaniensis ("Bishop of Poznań", 970) and ab urbe Poznani ("by" or "from the city Poznań", 1005). Early spellings include Posna and Posnan.

The official city name in full is The Capital City of Poznań . Poznań is known as Posen in German language, and was officially known as Haupt- und Residenzstadt Posen ("Capital and Residence City of Poznań") between 20 August 1910, and 28 November 1918. The city has been known in Latin as Posnania and civitas Posnaniensis. Its Yiddish language name is פּױזן, or Poyzn.

Geography

Administrative division The Poznań metropolitan area, consisting of the autonomous towns of Poznań, Ostrów, Ostrówek, Środka, Chwaliszewo, Łacina, was integrated into one city from 1793–1800. The rapidly growing city annexed the neighboring villages of Grunwald, Łazarz, Górczyn, Jeżyce, Wilda, Winogrady in 1900, Piątkowo and Rataje in later years. Today, Poznań is divided into five districts, which are further divided onto several dozens of neighborhoods. The districts are:

Culture The annual Malta Festival is probably the most characteristic cultural event of the city. There are also Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition (held every 5 years), and Classical Music Festival (annual).

History Mieszko I of Poland, the first known duke of the Polans, built one of his castles in Poznań. The Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznań is the oldest Polish cathedral, founded in Poznań during the latter half of the 10th century. The city would become the capital of Greater Poland. Mieszko I's son, Boleslaus the Brave, was crowned king in 1025 and the Kingdom of Poland of the first Piasts was formed. Greater Poland became the 'cradle of the Polish state', and both Mieszko I and Boleslaus I are buried in Poznań. Lubrański Academy, the second Polish university (not a "full" university, in fact, as science students had to go to Kraków) was established in 1519.

Poznań was the capital of the Greater Poland area when it came under the control of Kingdom of Prussia in 1793 and had its administrative area renamed to South Prussia. During the Greater Poland Uprising of 1806, local Polish resistance fighters rebelled, thereby assisting the efforts of Napoleon I of France while simultaneously driving out the occupying Prussian forces. The city became part of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 and was capital of the Poznań Department. Napoleon's defeat led to the Congress of Vienna, where the boundaries of Europe were redrawn by the victors. Greater Poland was returned to Prussia and became the capital of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Posen. From the time of the Revolutions of 1848, Poznań was the capital of the Prussian Province of Posen. It became part of the German Empire during the Unification of Germany in 1871.

Shorty after Imperial Germany's defeat in World War I, the Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) (1918-1919) occurred, leading to the creation of the Second Polish Republic, in which Poznań became the capital of Poznań Voivodeship. During World War II, Poland suffered under Nazi Germany occupation and the Polish population was severely repressed. Since the war's end, Poznań has been the capital of the surrounding area through administrative district boundary changes in 1957, 1975, and 1999; Poznań currently administrates Greater Poland Voivodeship, one of 16 provinces in the country.

Poznań 1956 protests in 1956 played a significant role in liberalising the post-war People's Republic of Poland.

Historical population )Detailed demographic tables: Historical population of PoznańHistorical population summary:

2020 population Forecast:

Notable residents



Education

Poznań is home to a few state-owned university and a number of smaller, mostly private-run colleges and institutions of higher education. Poznań University (abbreviated UAM) is one of the most influential and biggest List of universities in Poland.



Scientific and regional organizations

Economy Poznań has been an important center of trade since the Middle Ages. Starting in the 19th century, local heavy industry began to grow. Several major factories were built, including the steel mill and railway factory of Hipolit Cegielski (see H. Cegielski - Poznań S.A.).

Today Poznań is one of the major centers of trade with Germany. Many Western European companies started their Polish branches in Poznań, or in the nearby localities of Tarnowo Podgórne and Swarzędz.

It is the site of annual Poznań International Fair.

For a list of major Poznań-based corporations see Major corporations in Poznań

Sports



Politics Municipal politics tram in PoznańSince the end of the People's Republic of Poland in 1989, Poznań municipality and metro area have invested heavily in infrastructure, especially transportation and improved public administration. This has resulted in a massive investment from foreign companies in Poznań itself, as well as in communities west and south of Poznań (namely, Kórnik and Tarnowo Podgórne).

Most foreign investors are Germany and Netherlands companies (see "Major corporations" above), with a few others. Investors are mostly from the food processing, furniture, automotive and transport & logistics industries. Foreign companies are primarily attracted by low labour costs, but also by the relatively good road and railway networks in the vicinity, good vocational skills of workers (heritage of the communist era) and relatively liberal employment laws. As compared with Germany, there are far fewer restrictions, e.g. on shop opening hours.

Worth noticing is also the positive attitude of public administration towards investments, and less annoying "red tape" than elsewhere in Poland.

Investment into transportation was mostly in the public transport area. While the number of cars since 1989 has at least doubled, the policy of improving public transport gave good effects. Limiting car access to the city center, building new tram lines (inc. Poznański Szybki Tramwaj) and investing in new rolling stock (such as modern Combino trams by Siemens AG and Solaris Bus & Coach low-floor buses) actually increased ridership. This is a notable success, even considering that Polish society possesses about half of "old EU" purchasing power and thus not everybody can own a car.

Future investments into transportation include the construction of a "third ring road" around the city, and the completion of A2 (E30) highway towards Berlin. In the public transport area (and non-car transportation), further investment must be made into the development bicycle paths (and the linking of presently existing ones), and an attempt is presently made of developing Karlsruhe-style light rail system for commuters. All that is made more complicated (and more expensive) by the heavy neglect of transportation throughout communist era.

Constituency Members of Sejm elected in 2005 from Poznań constituency:

Members of European Parliament elected from Poznań constituency:

Twin towns Poznań is town twinning withhttp://www.poznan.pl/mim/public/publikacje/pages.html?co=list&id=19&ch=20&instance=1017&lang=pl:

Footnotes Bibliography

See also

External links

City guides

Economy

Science and education

History and culture

Sports

Gallery


This article is about the city in Poland. For other uses, see Poznan (disambiguation).

{{Infobox City|official_name = Poznań|other_name =|native_name = |nickname =|motto =|image_skyline = Poznanzgory.jpg|imagesize = 250px|image_caption = Old Square|image_flag = POL Poznań flag.svg|flag_size =|image_seal =|seal_size =|image_shield = POL Poznań COA.svg|shield_size =|image_blank_emblem =|blank_emblem_size =|image_map =|mapsize =|map_caption =|pushpin_map = Poland|pushpin_label_position = bottom|subdivision_type = Countries of the World|subdivision_name = Poland|subdivision_name1 = [Greater Poland Voivodeship|subdivision_type2 = List of counties in Poland|subdivision_name2 = city county|subdivision_type3 = Gmina|leader_party =|leader_title1 = |leader_name1 =|leader_title2 =|leader_name2 =|leader_title3 =|leader_name3 =|leader_title4 =|leader_name4 =|established_title = Established|established_date = [8th century|area_magnitude =|area_footnotes =|area_total_km2 = 261.3|area_land_km2 =|area_water_km2 =|area_total_sq_mi =|area_land_sq_mi =|area_water_sq_mi =|area_water_percent =|area_urban_km2 =|area_urban_sq_mi =|area_metro_km2 =|area_metro_sq_mi =|population_as_of = 2006|population_footnotes =|population_note =|settlement_type = |population_total = 567882|population_density_km2 = 2197|population_density_sq_mi =|population_metro = 943000|population_density_metro_km2 =|population_density_metro_sq_mi =|population_urban =|population_density_urban_km2 =|population_density_urban_mi2 =|timezone = [Central European Time|utc_offset = +1|timezone_DST = Central European Summer Time|utc_offset_DST = +2|latd=52 |latm=20 |lats= |latNS=N|longd=16 |longm=56 |longs= |longEW=E|elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 60|elevation_ft =|postal_code_type = Postal code|postal_code = 60-001 to 61-890|area_code = +48 61|website = www.poznan.pl|blank_name = Polish car number plates|blank_info = PO|footnotes =--> Poznań (; also known by #Etymology) is a city in west-central Poland with over 578,900 inhabitants (2002). Located by the Warta River, it is one of the oldest cities in Poland, making it an important historical centre and a vibrant centre of trade, industry, and education. Poznań is Poland's fifth largest city and fourth biggest industrial centre. It is also the administrative capital of the Greater Poland Voivodeship.

Poznań's Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznań is the oldest in the country, containing the tombs of the first Polish rulers: Duke Mieszko I of Poland, King Boleslaus the Brave, King Mieszko II of Poland, Duke Casimir I of Poland, Duke Przemysl I of Poland, and King Przemysl II of Poland.

Etymology The name Poznań probably comes from a personal name Poznan (from the Polish participle poznan(y)) and would mean "Poznan's town." It is also possible the name comes directly from the verb poznać which means "to get to know" or "to recognize".

The earliest surviving references to the city were by Thietmar in his chronicles: episcopus Poznaniensis ("Bishop of Poznań", 970) and ab urbe Poznani ("by" or "from the city Poznań", 1005). Early spellings include Posna and Posnan.

The official city name in full is The Capital City of Poznań . Poznań is known as Posen in German language, and was officially known as Haupt- und Residenzstadt Posen ("Capital and Residence City of Poznań") between 20 August 1910, and 28 November 1918. The city has been known in Latin as Posnania and civitas Posnaniensis. Its Yiddish language name is פּױזן, or Poyzn.

Geography

Administrative division The Poznań metropolitan area, consisting of the autonomous towns of Poznań, Ostrów, Ostrówek, Środka, Chwaliszewo, Łacina, was integrated into one city from 1793–1800. The rapidly growing city annexed the neighboring villages of Grunwald, Łazarz, Górczyn, Jeżyce, Wilda, Winogrady in 1900, Piątkowo and Rataje in later years. Today, Poznań is divided into five districts, which are further divided onto several dozens of neighborhoods. The districts are:

Culture The annual Malta Festival is probably the most characteristic cultural event of the city. There are also Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition (held every 5 years), and Classical Music Festival (annual).

History Mieszko I of Poland, the first known duke of the Polans, built one of his castles in Poznań. The Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznań is the oldest Polish cathedral, founded in Poznań during the latter half of the 10th century. The city would become the capital of Greater Poland. Mieszko I's son, Boleslaus the Brave, was crowned king in 1025 and the Kingdom of Poland of the first Piasts was formed. Greater Poland became the 'cradle of the Polish state', and both Mieszko I and Boleslaus I are buried in Poznań. Lubrański Academy, the second Polish university (not a "full" university, in fact, as science students had to go to Kraków) was established in 1519.

Poznań was the capital of the Greater Poland area when it came under the control of Kingdom of Prussia in 1793 and had its administrative area renamed to South Prussia. During the Greater Poland Uprising of 1806, local Polish resistance fighters rebelled, thereby assisting the efforts of Napoleon I of France while simultaneously driving out the occupying Prussian forces. The city became part of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 and was capital of the Poznań Department. Napoleon's defeat led to the Congress of Vienna, where the boundaries of Europe were redrawn by the victors. Greater Poland was returned to Prussia and became the capital of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Posen. From the time of the Revolutions of 1848, Poznań was the capital of the Prussian Province of Posen. It became part of the German Empire during the Unification of Germany in 1871.

Shorty after Imperial Germany's defeat in World War I, the Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) (1918-1919) occurred, leading to the creation of the Second Polish Republic, in which Poznań became the capital of Poznań Voivodeship. During World War II, Poland suffered under Nazi Germany occupation and the Polish population was severely repressed. Since the war's end, Poznań has been the capital of the surrounding area through administrative district boundary changes in 1957, 1975, and 1999; Poznań currently administrates Greater Poland Voivodeship, one of 16 provinces in the country.

Poznań 1956 protests in 1956 played a significant role in liberalising the post-war People's Republic of Poland.

Historical population )Detailed demographic tables: Historical population of PoznańHistorical population summary:

2020 population Forecast:

Notable residents



Education

Poznań is home to a few state-owned university and a number of smaller, mostly private-run colleges and institutions of higher education. Poznań University (abbreviated UAM) is one of the most influential and biggest List of universities in Poland.



Scientific and regional organizations

Economy Poznań has been an important center of trade since the Middle Ages. Starting in the 19th century, local heavy industry began to grow. Several major factories were built, including the steel mill and railway factory of Hipolit Cegielski (see H. Cegielski - Poznań S.A.).

Today Poznań is one of the major centers of trade with Germany. Many Western European companies started their Polish branches in Poznań, or in the nearby localities of Tarnowo Podgórne and Swarzędz.

It is the site of annual Poznań International Fair.

For a list of major Poznań-based corporations see Major corporations in Poznań

Sports



Politics Municipal politics tram in PoznańSince the end of the People's Republic of Poland in 1989, Poznań municipality and metro area have invested heavily in infrastructure, especially transportation and improved public administration. This has resulted in a massive investment from foreign companies in Poznań itself, as well as in communities west and south of Poznań (namely, Kórnik and Tarnowo Podgórne).

Most foreign investors are Germany and Netherlands companies (see "Major corporations" above), with a few others. Investors are mostly from the food processing, furniture, automotive and transport & logistics industries. Foreign companies are primarily attracted by low labour costs, but also by the relatively good road and railway networks in the vicinity, good vocational skills of workers (heritage of the communist era) and relatively liberal employment laws. As compared with Germany, there are far fewer restrictions, e.g. on shop opening hours.

Worth noticing is also the positive attitude of public administration towards investments, and less annoying "red tape" than elsewhere in Poland.

Investment into transportation was mostly in the public transport area. While the number of cars since 1989 has at least doubled, the policy of improving public transport gave good effects. Limiting car access to the city center, building new tram lines (inc. Poznański Szybki Tramwaj) and investing in new rolling stock (such as modern Combino trams by Siemens AG and Solaris Bus & Coach low-floor buses) actually increased ridership. This is a notable success, even considering that Polish society possesses about half of "old EU" purchasing power and thus not everybody can own a car.

Future investments into transportation include the construction of a "third ring road" around the city, and the completion of A2 (E30) highway towards Berlin. In the public transport area (and non-car transportation), further investment must be made into the development bicycle paths (and the linking of presently existing ones), and an attempt is presently made of developing Karlsruhe-style light rail system for commuters. All that is made more complicated (and more expensive) by the heavy neglect of transportation throughout communist era.

Constituency Members of Sejm elected in 2005 from Poznań constituency:

Members of European Parliament elected from Poznań constituency:

Twin towns Poznań is town twinning withhttp://www.poznan.pl/mim/public/publikacje/pages.html?co=list&id=19&ch=20&instance=1017&lang=pl:

Footnotes Bibliography

See also

External links

City guides

Economy

Science and education

History and culture

Sports

Gallery




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